The Goal

The Goal is the foundational text for operations management, Lean manufacturing, and modern DevOps. It is where the concepts of bottlenecks, the illusion of local optimization, and the Five Focusing Steps were originally codified. It is a business novel by Eliyahu M. Goldratt first published in 1984. It introduces the Theory of Constraints: a system's throughput is limited by its bottleneck, and improving anything else does not improve the system.